The loss of top predators, such as gray wolves, significantly impacts ecosystems by disrupting food webs and causing trophic cascades. These changes affect biodiversity, vegetation structure, and the stability of animal communities. Research shows that areas without large predators face long-term ecological consequences, emphasizing the critical role of these apex species in maintaining healthy ecosystems. To ensure effective ecosystem restoration and management, it’s essential to consider historical baselines and the cascading effects of predator removal. Protecting remaining natural areas and understanding past conditions are vital for achieving sustainable restoration goals.